All complex life forms on Earth, including plants and animals, are made up of eukaryotic cells; they are more sophisticated than bacterial or archaeal cells, which are prokaryotic. Eukaryotes have ...

All modern multicellular life — all life that any of us regularly see — is made of cells with a knack for compartmentalization. Recent discoveries are revealing how the first eukaryote got its start.

Contrary to popular belief, bacteria have organelles too. Scientists are now studying them for insights into how complex cells evolved. Open a basic biology textbook published decades ago or one ...